Soilscapes of the coastal plains in the Caspian region: primary spatial differentiation and evolution
Maria Konyushkova¹, S. Alavipanah², A. Abdollahi², T. Chernov³, S. Hamzeh², A. Heidari², M. Lebedeva³, I. Semenkov¹

¹Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia ²University of Tehran, Iran, Tehran ³V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow, Russia

Formulation of the problem

• Soil and vegetation patchy pattern is a typical feature of the Caspian Lowland (Dokuchaev 1883; Kostychev 1885; Zemyatchenskii 1894; Bogdan 1910; Bessonov & Neustruev 1904)
• Main hypotheses : phytogenic, zoogenic, topogenic and paleocryogenic. Conditions – semihydromorphic (ground water level 3-6(9) m) (Abaturov & Zubkova 1972; Demkin & Ivanov 1985; Gennadiev 1990; Ivanova 1930; Nikolaev et al., 1995)
• New facts on dynamism of microtopography and the occurrence of well-pronounced spatial soil differentiation even under smoothed microtopography (Khitrov 2005; Konyushkova & Abaturov 2016; author data) are demanding for the revision of the modern concepts of soil cover formation and evolution in the Caspian region
• Many facts implies that primary spatial differentiation of soil salinity occurs at the earliest stages of soil formation (at the stage of solonchak), often under flat microtopography (Mozharova 1984, 1985; Puzanova 1992)
• At present, there is no enough data about the primary spatial differentiation of soil cover at the young coastal plains which are conjugated with the study of vegetation and microtopography with the relation to salinity

The goal of the study

Analysis and identification of main factors leading to primary spatial differentiation of soil cover at the loamy and clayey deposits of the young coastal plains of the Caspian region under different lithology and climate

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